本文以语义分析的方法指出“medicine”和“医”的含义颇为复杂,并由此讨论了诺贝尔医学奖的评奖标准问题。本文的重点是从科学社会学的角度讨论有关屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖过程中的优先权问题。文章简要回顾和分析了围绕屠呦呦走向获得诺奖的漫长过程中出现的重重“雾霾”。优先权问题和科学奖励问题是科学社会学中的两个重要问题,而假借“集体主义”之名否认个人的优先权则是优先权之争的“畸变形式”。 This paper uses semantic analysis to point out that the meaning of “medicine” and “medical” is rather complicated, and thus discusses the criteria for awarding the Nobel Prize in Medicine. The emphasis of this paper is to discuss the issue of priority in the Nobel Prize for Tu Yo-yo from a sociology of science. The article briefly reviews and analyzes the heavy “smog” that has emerged in the long process of getting Nobel Prizes around Tu Yo Yo. The question of priority and the question of scientific reward are two important issues in scientific sociology. However, denying the individual’s priority under the guise of “collectivism” is the “distortion” of the priority dispute.