学生的学习过程实质是认知结构不断构建、重组、优化和完善的过程,因此,认知结构的有序和稳固是影响学习活动的关键性因素。物理认知结构一般包括物理知识、物理情境、物理模型、处理物理问题的方法和策略等,其中学生物理思维和能力的培养,在很大程度上取决于解决物理问题的方法和策略的教学,是物理教学目标的核心。解决物理问题方法的习得必须经历学生个体的内化过程,具有内隐性,因此一直是物理教学的重点和难点。 The process of students’ learning is the process of continuous construction, reorganization, optimization and perfection of cognitive structure. Therefore, the order and stability of cognitive structure are the key factors affecting learning activities. The physical cognitive structure generally includes the physical knowledge, the physical situation, the physical model, the methods and tactics of dealing with the physical problems, among which the cultivation of students’ physical thinking and abilities depends to a large extent on the teaching of the methods and tactics of solving physical problems, Is the core of physics teaching goal. The acquisition of the method to solve the physical problem must go through the process of internalization of individual students and has the implicitness. Therefore, it has always been the emphasis and difficulty of physics teaching.