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论文尝试采用生产理论中的距离函数方法评估印度工业行业污水减排的成本。以印度水污染行业为研究对象,采用线性规划和随机前沿模型进行了距离函数的估计,从而得到了某些企业的污染物影子价格、效率值和规模经济。估计结果表明,印度水污染行业平均每减少一吨BOD和COD,分别需要24.6万印度卢比和7.7万印度卢比。在不同的企业,污染物的影子价格之间存在很大的差异,这反映了企业使用污水处理技术的非效率情况。这些企业的影子价格——或者说是减少BOD和COD排放的边际成本与其合规指数(污染负荷与销售值之比)之间的关系,以及获得的污染负荷减少量,证实了之前针对印度工业水污染治理的经验研究的结论。这些研究发现,对于企业来说,污染浓度的降低会导致边际成本的增加,而污染负荷的下降则会导致边际成本的减少。
The paper tries to use the distance function in production theory to evaluate the cost of sewage treatment in India’s industrial sector. Taking Indian water pollution industry as the research object, the linear function and stochastic frontier model are used to estimate the distance function, and the shadow prices, efficiency values and economies of scale of some enterprises are obtained. Estimates show that the average Indian water pollution industry for each ton of BOD and COD reduction, respectively, 246,000 Indian Rupees and 77,000 Indian Rupees. There is a big difference between the shadow prices of pollutants in different enterprises, reflecting the inefficiencies of using wastewater treatment technologies in enterprises. The shadow prices of these enterprises-either the reduction of the marginal cost of BOD and COD emissions relative to their compliance index (ratio of pollution load to sales value) and the resulting reduction in pollution load confirm the previous impact on the Indian industry The conclusion of empirical research on water pollution control. These studies found that for enterprises, the reduction of pollution concentration leads to the increase of marginal cost, while the decrease of pollution load leads to the reduction of marginal cost.