§1 绪言1.1 随机现象与生物统计随机现象——不确定的,随机会而异的现象,不论在科学研究中,还是在日常生活中,均随处可见。小孩捉迷藏,谁先蒙眼睛,可以猜拳或唸一首儿歌来随机地决定;体育比赛,常用随机的方法(抽签、抛球、掷硬币等)来决定对手或场地;某人是否患病、某药对某病人是否有 § 1 Introduction 1.1 Random phenomena and biostatistical stochastic phenomena – Uncertain, random phenomena that vary from place to place, whether in scientific research or in everyday life, are everywhere. Children play hide-and-seek, who have blindfolded eyes, can guess a fist or read a nursery song to decide randomly; in sports competitions, random methods (lottery, ball dropping, coin flipping, etc.) are often used to determine the opponent or venue; whether someone is sick or not Does the medicine have a certain patient?