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国有企业改革从80年代初期开始,历经厂长经营责任制、承包制、租赁制等,极大地推进了“政企分开”和“两权分离”的进程,促进了改革开放的发展。然而,国有企业产权关系改革未取得实质性的进展,国有企业组织形式也未发生根本的变革,当前国有企业仍面临着不能完全自主经营、经济效益低下、国有资产流失严重等问题。因此,如何理顺国有企业产权关系,转换国有企业经营机制,使国有企业摆脱当前的困境,已成为我国经济体制改革过程中一个刻不容缓的问题。
The state-owned enterprise reform began in the early 1980s and experienced the responsibility of the manager, contract system, and leasing system. It greatly promoted the process of “separation of government and enterprise” and “separation of the two powers” and promoted the development of reform and opening up. However, no substantive progress has been made in the reform of the ownership relationship of state-owned enterprises, and there has been no fundamental change in the organizational form of state-owned enterprises. Currently, state-owned enterprises still face problems such as not being able to operate independently, having low economic returns, and having serious losses of state-owned assets. Therefore, how to rationalize the ownership relationship of state-owned enterprises, change the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises, and get the state-owned enterprises out of the current predicament has become an urgent issue in the process of China’s economic restructuring.