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目的评价健康教育对提高结核病防治知识与信念的效果,为结核病防治工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对1 954名学生、898名企业职工和950名机关事业单位职工进行为期3个月的健康教育,评价干预效果。结果干预后结核病防治知识总知晓率为81.06%,高于干预前的51.18%(P<0.01),其中中学生、事业单位职工和企业职工知晓率分别由干预前的48.84%、61.63%和45.24%,提高到干预后的79.34%、82.09%和83.70%(P均<0.01);不同年龄组在干预前后的知晓率均以<30岁和≥50岁组相对较低(P均<0.01)。干预后对结核病患者“尽量保持距离”和“更加关心体贴他/她”中,取正向态度的比例分别上升了7.55%和6.39%,与干预前比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论健康教育对提高人群结核病防治知识知晓率效果明显,学生和中老年人群的知晓率相对较低,应作为今后结核病健康教育的重点人群。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on improving the knowledge and belief of tuberculosis prevention and control and provide basis for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to evaluate the effect of intervention on 1 954 students, 898 employees of enterprises and 950 employees of government agencies and public institutions for a period of 3 months. Results The total awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and control after intervention was 81.06%, higher than 51.18% before intervention (P <0.01), among which the awareness of staff and workers in middle schools, institutions were 48.84%, 61.63% and 45.24% respectively before intervention, , Up to 79.34%, 82.09% and 83.70% after intervention (all P <0.01). The awareness rates of different age groups before and after intervention were all lower than those of <30 years old and ≥50 years old group (all P <0.01). After intervention, the proportion of positive attitude toward TB patients increased by 7.55% and 6.39% respectively, which was statistically significant compared with that before the intervention (P> 0.05) P <0.01). Conclusions Health education is effective in raising awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control among the population. The awareness of students and middle-aged and elderly people is relatively low, and should be regarded as the key population for future health education of tuberculosis.