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本文介绍了苏联八十年代新设计和研制的用于岩心钻探人工造斜工具的偏重定向器、摆式定向仪、无触点光电定向仪等6种定向器具的工作原理和结构。近几年来,苏联除继续改进与完善岩心钻探原有的定向器具外,还从提高定向精度、加快定向速度、简化定向仪结构、满足不同用途等方面,研制了一些结构新颖的定向仪。由于苏联在岩心钻探施工定向孔和进行人工造斜时,大量采用的是间接定向方法,因此下面主要介绍苏联在近几年研制的新型间接定向器具。
This paper introduces the working principle and structure of six kinds of orienting appliances such as bias directioner, pendulum orientation device and non-contact photoelectric orientation device designed and developed by the Soviet Union in the 1980s. In recent years, the Soviet Union has not only continued to improve and perfect the original directional drilling tools for core drilling, but also developed some novel directional instruments from the aspects of improving the directional accuracy, speeding up the directional speed, simplifying the structure of the directional instrument, and satisfying different uses. Since the Soviet Union drilled directional holes in the core drilling and artificial making oblique, a large number of indirect orientation method used, so the following mainly introduces the Soviet Union in recent years developed a new indirect orientation tool.