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福泽谕吉(1834—1901年)是日本近代最著名的启蒙思想家,被誉为“日本的伏尔泰”。在19世纪60年代以后,他认识到“日本的文明落后于西洋”的严酷现实,主张为维护日本国家的独立,不仅应在有形的物质文明方面学习西方科学技术,而且要在无形的精神文明方面学习西方人的“独立自主精神”,为此,就必须批判日本历代统治者所利用的儒学,批判其宣扬的崇古陋习和依赖心理。福泽谕吉终生坚持对儒学的批判,直至晚年还写了《儒教主义之害在于其腐败》等文。福泽谕吉曾说:“欲从根底颠覆古来学说,更开文明学之门,……毕生心事唯在此耳。”于是有的中国学者认为,在明治启蒙思想家中,对儒教价值体系给予
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1834-1901) is the most famous modern Japanese enlightenment thinker, known as “Japan’s Voltaire.” After the 1960s, he recognized the harsh reality of “Japan’s civilization lagging behind the West” and claimed that in order to safeguard the independence of Japan, Western countries should not only learn western science and technology in the field of tangible material civilization, but also invisible spiritual civilization To study Westerners’ “independence and self-determination”, we must criticize the Confucianism used by the rulers of Japan in the past and criticize the bad habits and psychological dependence they advocated. Fukuzawa Yukio insisted his critique of Confucianism all his life, until his later years also wrote “Confucianism lies in its corruption” and other texts. Fukuzawa Yukichi said: “To fundamentally overturn the ancient theory, but also open the door of civilization, ... life’s only in this ear.” So some Chinese scholars believe that the Meiji enlightenment thinkers, given the value of Confucianism