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清代由于人口激增、耕地数量有限而产生了大量的流寓民。为了更好地对其进行管理,清朝颁布了多条谕令,将流寓民编入保甲,纳入政府的掌控当中,从而达到对基层民众的全面控制。本文以《钦定大清会典事例》中的“保甲”内容为研究基础,分析认为清代的保甲制对于商贩、乞丐等流寓民较多的群体在管理上更为强调;流寓民寄籍较为集中的地区,保甲编排之法稍有不同,以适用于当地的具体情况;同时,在旗民杂居、汉族与少数民族混同生活的地区,越重要的地理位置,对流寓民编排保甲的管理就越严格。总体来说,清代在保甲制度的制定上,对流寓民的管理呈现加强的趋势;而在实际执行中,因为忽略了基础的编查工作,其管理的是缺乏力度的。
In the Qing Dynasty, due to the surging population and the limited amount of arable land, a large number of refugees were born. In order to better manage it, the Qing Dynasty issued a number of decrees that incorporated the apologists in Baojia into the control of the government so as to achieve overall control over the grassroots. Based on the content of “Baojia” in the case of “The Order of the Qing Dynasty,” this article analyzes that the Baojian system in the Qing Dynasty emphasizes more on the management of traders, beggars and other immigrants; In the areas where people are more concentrated in sending books, the laws governing the arrangement of Baojia are slightly different, so as to be applicable to the specific situations in the area. At the same time, in the areas where the nationalities live in harmony with each other and Han and ethnic minorities live in more important geographical locations, Paraguay’s management is more stringent. Overall, in the formulation of the Bao-Jia system in the Qing Dynasty, the management of confucian-dwelling people tended to intensify. In the actual implementation, because they neglected the basic censoring work, their management lacks strength.