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粪壳菌是一种寄生于动物粪便的真菌,它与原生动物、粘菌、细菌、线虫和许多昆虫一起对动物粪便进行降解,使它们所包含的养分再循环。粪壳菌属于子囊菌亚门的粪壳菌目和球壳目。其中,以粪壳菌目子囊菌科Sordariaceae的粪壳菌类型最多,分布最广。本科真菌无子座,孢子主要呈褐色,形状多样,有柱形、卵形、球形、倒梨形、瓶形等,孢子体上有孔口,表面光滑或有刚毛。在晚更新世和全新世沉积物中粪壳菌孢子的减少被认为是大型食草动物数量下降或灭绝的信号~([1~7])。比较常见的粪壳菌类型有~([7~11])(图1):Conicochaeta,Sordaria-type,
Drosophila is a fungus that parasites in animal excrement. It degrades animal excrements with protozoans, slime molds, bacteria, nematodes, and many insects, recycling the nutrients they contain. Drosophila belong to the Ascomycetes sub-Menicillium head and spherical shell head. Among them, the sclerotinum ascomycete family Sordariaceae the most types of dung beetles, the most widely distributed. Undergraduate fungus without seat, the spores are brown, the shape of diverse, cylindrical, oval, spherical, inverted pear-shaped, bottle-shaped, spores have holes on the surface smooth or bristly. The reduction of spores in the sediments of the late Pleistocene and Holocene was considered as a sign of the decline or extinction of large herbivores ~ (1-7). The more common types of dung bacteria are ~ ([7-11]) (Figure 1): Conicochaeta, Sordaria-type,