1.前言由于列车的速度、负荷以及其他运行条件等方面的原因,使铁路车辆各零部件受到各种复杂的力的作用。假如铁路车辆各零部件材料的强度不够,则会在零部件应力集中的部位产生疲劳裂纹。因此,需要对铁路车辆的设备和零部件进行定期的无损检验,除去那些带有有害缺陷的设备和零部件,换上新件或进行修理以防止这些设备和零部件的功能受到损害。 1. Preface Due to the speed, load and other operating conditions of the train, various components of railway vehicles are subject to various complicated forces. If the strength of parts and materials of railway vehicles is not enough, fatigue cracks will occur in the parts with stress concentration. Therefore, periodic non-destructive testing of equipment and components of rolling stock is required to remove those equipment and components with harmful defects, to replace them with new ones or to repair them in order to prevent damage to the functioning of these equipment and components.