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为了明确秋冬季节夜温对设施栽培中果实发育期番茄的影响,在昼温相同情况下,利用自制的自然光照生长室,设定自然夜温(CK)、14、16、18℃4个夜温处理,相应的实测值分别为13.1、13.4、14.7、16.3℃,研究夜温控制对番茄植株的生理响应、光合作用、物质积累和产量的影响.结果表明:CK番茄植株受到部分时段的低温胁迫,膜系统受到破坏,导致干物质积累最少,前期几乎没有产量(成熟果仅每株28 g).与CK相比,14℃夜温处理的单株干物质积累显著增加,前期产量为每株304 g,总产量(包括未成熟果)显著增加58%;18℃夜温处理的植株净光合率显著增加10.6%~12.5%,单株干物质积累显著增加26%,开花时间提前4~12 d,单株采收果实数为3.8个,单果质量显著增加42.7 g,前期产量为每株476 g,总产量增加101%;16℃处理的各项指标介于18℃和14℃处理之间.表明昼温22℃时,13.4℃是秋冬季节华北设施番茄生长的低夜温极限,理想夜温应控制在16.3℃以上.
In order to clarify the effect of night-temperature during autumn and winter on tomato development during the fruit-growing period in the cultivation, natural night-time temperature (CK), four days at 14, 16 and 18 ℃ The corresponding measured values were 13.1, 13.4, 14.7 and 16.3 ℃ respectively.The effects of night temperature control on the physiological responses, photosynthesis, material accumulation and yield of tomato plants were studied.The results showed that CK plants were exposed to low temperature for some time Under stress, the membrane system was destroyed, resulting in the least accumulation of dry matter and almost no yield in the early stage (mature fruit only 28 g per plant) .Compared with CK, the dry matter accumulation at 14 ℃ night temperature increased significantly, The net photosynthetic rate of plants at 18 ℃ increased 10.6% ~ 12.5%, the dry matter accumulation of plants increased significantly by 26%, the flowering time advanced 4 ~ At 12 d, the number of fruits harvested per plant was 3.8, the fruit weight increased significantly by 42.7 g and the initial yield was 476 g per plant, and the total yield increased by 101%. The indexes of 16 ℃ treatment ranged from 18 ℃ to 14 ℃ Between the day temperature of 22 ℃, 13.4 ℃ is the autumn and winter facilities in North China Fan Night temperature limit is low, grown over night temperature should be controlled at least 16.3 ℃.