中国文化学上的玉,内涵较广,并不止其在矿物学上的意义。汉代许慎在《说文解字》中说,玉,石之美兼五德者。所谓五德,即指玉的五个特性。凡具坚韧的质地,晶润的光泽,绚丽的色彩,致密而透明的组织,舒扬致远的声音的美石,都被认为是玉。按此标准,古人心目中的玉,不仅包括真玉(角闪石),还包括蛇纹石、绿松石、孔雀石、玛瑙、水晶、琥珀、红绿宝石等彩石玉。 Jade Chinese culture, a broader connotation, and more than its significance in mineralogy. Xu Shen in the Han Dynasty said in Shuowen Jiezi that the jade and stone beauty and the five virtues. The so-called five virtues, refers to the five characteristics of jade. Where a tough texture, crystal luster, brilliant colors, dense and transparent organization, Shu Yang Zhiyuan sound of the United States are considered jade. According to this standard, the jade in the ancients’ eyes include not only true jade (amphibole), but also serpentine, such as serpentine, turquoise, malachite, agate, crystal, amber, red and green gems.