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求职面试语境是一种特殊的人类最基本的会话方式中不可或缺的要素。在此语境中,“提问—回答”是最常用的话语模式,而这种话语模式本身就是说话人权力的重要体现。本文选取了四期《非你莫属》求职节目为语料,探讨问—答这一微观言语行为现象以及问—答与权势的关系,揭示权势在节目互动中的不平衡。研究结果表明,节目的主持人和Boss团成员在节目中处于主动地位,享有较高的机构权势。他们控制了谈话的内容和进度,占据了绝大部分提问时间。他们通过打断对方的话语、转换话题以及不断提出各种类型的问题来实施权势,而参与节目的求职者不具备主导地位或机构角色。在整个节目中,他们处于被动和弱势的地位。他们始终是被提问、被批评、被误解、被建议等的对象。因此,他们的话语方式绝大多数为:被迫回答主持人和Boss团成员所提的问题、被迫提供详细个人信息,少有插话和提问的话语。研究结果还反映出交际双方问—答的使用与面子和礼貌策略有关,进而说明语言运用中存在着权势的不平衡现象。
The Job Interview Context is an essential and indispensable element of a particular form of human conversation. In this context, “question-answer ” is the most commonly used discourse model, and this mode of discourse itself is an important manifestation of speaker power. This article selects four “non-you” job-see programs as corpus to explore the micro-linguistic behavior of question-answer and the relationship between Q & A and power, revealing the imbalance of power in program interaction. The results show that the host of the program and the members of the Boss group are active in the program and enjoy higher institutional power. They control the content and progress of the conversation, occupying most of the question time. They enforce power by breaking each other’s discourse, changing topics, and constantly asking questions of all kinds, while jobseekers participating in the program do not have the dominance or institutional role. Throughout the show, they are in a passive and vulnerable position. They are always the subject of being questioned, criticized, misunderstood, suggested, etc. As a result, the vast majority of their discourse patterns were forced to answer questions posed by the moderator and members of the Boss group and were forced to provide detailed personal information with few interventions and questions. The results also show that the use of question-answer by both parties is related to face-to-face and courtesy strategies, thus illustrating the imbalance of power in the use of language.