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为分析单相接地故障产生的初始零模电流行波特征，提出了一种基于船舶电网电缆线路分布参数的小电流接地系统的高精度故障模型。该模型采用带有4条电缆支路的船舶电网结构，利用电磁暂态仿真程序EMTPWorks 对船舶电力系统不同条件下的单相接地故障初始零模电流行波进行了仿真分析。通过分析仿真数据，得出了初始零模电流行波的故障特征，讨论了中性点接地方式、故障初始角、过渡电阻对故障特征的影响。“,”This paper proposes a high-precision model for the small current grounding system based on the cable line with distributed parameters in the marine power system.The method is used to analyze the characteristics of initial zero-mode travelling waves which come from single-phase earth fault.It is used in the marine power system with four cable lines to simulate the initial zero-mode travelling waves caused by single-phase grounding fault under different conditions by means of EMTP works. According to the simulation data,the characteristics of initial zero-mode travelling waves can be ob-tained.This paper also deals with the influence of different neutral grounding modes,fault initial an-gle and transition resistor on the features of fault current.