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文章首先从句法角度分析了“没有+NP”和“缺乏+NP”在形式上的共性与差异,然后对比分析了“没有+NP”和“缺乏+NP”在语义和语用上的差异。“没有+NP”与“缺乏+NP”在语义上的共同点就是,都是表示对+NP的否定,但是差异是二者对量的否定程度不一样,否定的范围也不同,“没有+NP”否定的程度更高,范围更大,可以表示全量否定和部分否定,而“缺乏+NP”只能表示部分否定,正是这个语义上的差异导致了它们在表层句法上的差异。在语用上,“没有+NP”更客观中性,语体风格更活泼,而“缺乏+NP”的主观性更强,偏向消极,语体风格较为严肃正式,这些也都影响到了最后的表层形式。在实际的语言交际中,“没有+NP”和“缺乏+NP”的形式和意义之间可能发生变换颠倒,这体现了形式和意义的不对称。
The article first analyzes the commonalities and differences in the forms of “no + NP” and “lack + NP” from the syntactic point of view, and then compares and analyzes the differences between “no + NP” and “lack + NP” Semantic and pragmatic differences. The semantic common ground between “no + NP ” and “lack + NP ” is that both denote the negation of + NP, but the difference is that the two have different degrees of negation and the scope of negation is different , “No + NP ” has a higher degree of negation and a larger scope, which can denote total negation and partial negation. However, “lacking + NP ” can only denote a partial negation. It is this semantic difference that causes them Syntactic differences in the surface. In terms of pragmatics, “No + NP ” is more objectively neutral, the style of the genre is more lively, and “Lack of + NP ” is more subjective, biased toward the negative, and the style of the genre is more serious and formal. Affected the final surface form. In actual linguistic communication, there may be a reversal in the form and meaning of “no + NP ” and “lack of + NP ”, which reflects the asymmetry of form and meaning.