论文部分内容阅读
跨国界河流是当今国与国水资源矛盾与冲突的发源地,跨流域调水是利用水资源空间分布不均衡的特点来应付地区性水资源短缺的主要途径。本文论述了主要跨国界流域中有关国家围绕水资源展开的矛盾与冲突、谈判与妥协。简要论述与评价了有关跨国界河流水资源利用的国际法则及其存在问题.阐述了当今世界跨流域调水与我国南水北调工程涉及的主要问题。提出了有关南水北调工程计划的四个基本问题:1.前提条件是不对长江河口地区的枯季水资源产生显著不利影响;2.解决黄、淮、海流域水资源问题的基本立足点仍然是在各自流域内部;3.南水北调的长远与根本目标是帮助北方流域恢复与重建流域生态系统,而不是单纯满足北方流域不断增长的水资源需求;4.解决北方流域水资源短缺的根本途径是根据上下游自然条件,调整灌溉农业的空间布局,发展清洁与节水型产业与治污工程。
Cross-border rivers are the birthplace of conflicts and conflicts between countries and countries. Inter-basin water transfer is the main way to deal with the shortage of regional water resources by utilizing the unbalanced distribution of water resources. This article discusses the contradictions, conflicts, negotiations and compromises among the countries in the major transboundary basins around water resources. This paper briefly discusses and evaluates the international rules and their existing problems concerning the utilization of water resources in transboundary rivers and elaborates the major problems involved in inter-basin water transfer in our country and the South-North Water Diversion Project in our country. Proposed four basic issues related to the South-North Water Diversion Project: 1. The prerequisite is not to have a significant negative impact on the dry season water resources in the Yangtze River Estuary. 2. The basic foothold for solving the water resources problems in the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Hai Basin remains at Their own basin; 3. The long-term and fundamental goal of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to help the northern basin to restore and rebuild the ecosystem of the river basin instead of simply meeting the growing demand of water resources in the northern basin. 4. The fundamental solution to the water shortage in the northern basin is based on Downstream natural conditions, adjust the spatial layout of irrigated agriculture, the development of clean and water-saving industries and pollution control projects.