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了解青海省三江源地区饮用水源水水质卫生状况,为制定改水决策提供科学依据。笔者于2009年3—4月,综合考虑三江源地区水系分布、人群饮水密集区等因素,在海南州、黄南州、玉树州、果洛州所属16个县各设置5个左右采水点进行水样的测定。结果显示,共采集水样78件,合格69件,合格率为88.46%。不同地区合格率依次为果洛州(83.33%)、海南州(90.00%)、玉树州(95.24%)、黄南州(84.21%),4者间比较,差异无统计学意义。三江源地区饮用水源水水质卫生状况总体符合GB5749—2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》中的“小型集中式供水和分散式供水”的要求。色度、浑浊度、pH值、溶解性总固体、铁、锰、氯化物、耗氧量、砷、硝酸盐氮、氟化物均合格,超标指标合格率由高至低依次为硫酸盐[96.15%(75/78)]>总硬度[93.58%(73/78)]>菌落总数[85.90%(67/78)]。以地表水、地下水为水源的分别占87.18%(68/78),12.82%(10/78)。以地表水为水源水样的合格率为92.64%(63/68),高于以地下水为水源水样的合格率[60.00%(6/10)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示青海省三江源地区水源水水质卫生状况较好。
Understand drinking water sanitation status in drinking water sources in the Three River Source Region of Qinghai Province and provide scientific basis for formulating water diversion decision. From March to April in 2009, considering the distribution of water system in Sanjiangyuan area and the drinking water density of people in the area, the authors set up about 5 water harvesting points in 16 counties of Hainan, Huangnan, Yushu and Guoluo prefectures for water Kind of determination. The results showed that a total of 78 samples collected, 69 qualified, the passing rate of 88.46%. There was no significant difference in the passing rate of different regions between Guoluo (83.33%), Hainan (90.00%), Yushu (95.24%) and Huangnan (84.21%). Sanjiangyuan drinking water source water quality and sanitation generally in line with GB5749-2006 “drinking water health standards” “small centralized water supply and decentralized water supply ” requirements. Chromic, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese, chloride, oxygen consumption, arsenic, nitrate nitrogen, and fluoride all passed the criteria. % (75/78)]> total hardness [93.58% (73/78)]> total number of colonies [85.90% (67/78)]. Surface water and groundwater as the water sources accounted for 87.18% (68/78) and 12.82% (10/78) respectively. The qualified rate of surface water samples was 92.64% (63/68), which was higher than that of groundwater samples (60.00% (6/10)), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) . Suggest that the sanjiangyuan area in Qinghai Province has a good sanitary quality of the source water.