Janus membrane with opposite wettability on its two sides has witnessed an explosion of interest in the field of liquid sponta-neous and directional transport for their promising prospect.The advances in fabrication technology and natural bionics have brought remarkable progress for the development of Janus mate-rials.Among the exciting progress,the micro/nanofabrication tech-nique of electrospinning shows advantages in constructing thin po-rous fibrous membrane materials with controllable surface wettabi-lity and hierarchical structures.Here,a brief review of bioinspired Janus membrane for unidirectional liquid penetration fabricated by electrospinning is presented,and the underlying scientific mecha-nism is discussed with an emphasis on the materials design involving asymmetric surface wettability and micro-topology structure.An overview of recent emerging applications is also reviewed,with spe-cial attentions to liquid separation,water collection,distillation,and smart textile,etc.As researchers keep to develop more efficient strategies on designing new Janus membrane with higher perfor-mances,it has become increasingly important to understand the mechanism of liquid moving dynamics at the asymmetric interface in order to better recognize the scientific limitations currently hin-dering the field development.At last,the challenges currently faced and possible strategies on developing new Janus membranes for op-timization and engineering in the future are proposed.