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目的:总结3D打印技术在儿童骨科的研究进展，为3D打印技术与儿童骨科更好地融合发展提供理论依据。方法:以“3D打印” “小儿骨科” “解剖模型” “畸形矫形” “骨肿瘤”和“three-dimensional printing” “pediatric orthopaedic” “anatomical mode” “deformity orthopaedic” “orthopaedic” “bone tumour”为中英文关键词分别在中国知网、万方数据、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库检索2010年1月—2019年9月关于3D打印技术在儿童骨科应用研究的文献，对其进行归纳分析。结果:共检索到相关文献1 197篇，其中中文文献540篇、英文文献657篇，剔除重复性研究、内容不符、无法获取全文，以及3D打印技术应用于成年患者和颅颌外科领域相关的文献，最终纳入文献34篇。3D打印技术可以制造个体化解剖模型，模拟手术操作、设计手术方案；制造导航模板指引手术；制造个体化支架；在骨组织工程方面亦取得一定的进展。结论:3D打印技术快速、精准、个性化的特点，促进了骨科手术个性化、微创化的发展。3D打印技术将通过外科教育、术前规划、个体化定制手术材料(如植入物、假体和手术导板等)以及组织工程的应用来改善手术效果。“,”Objective:To summarize the progress of research on 3D-printing technology in pediatric orthopedics and serve as a theoretical reference for the improved integration of 3D printing into this field.Methods:Using “three-dimensional printing” “pediatric orthopaedic” “anatomical mode” “deformity orthopaedic” “orthopaedic” and “bone tumour” as keywords, we searched CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases from January 2010 to 2019 September for literatures on the application of 3D-printing technology in children's orthopedics.Results:We retrieved 1 197 studies (540 in Chinese and 657 in English). We excluded repetitive research, inconsistent content, and unavailability of full text, and 3D-printing technology applied to adult patients and related literature in the field of craniofacial surgery. A total of 34 articles were included and analyzed. 3D-printing technology was found to produce individualized anatomical models, simulate surgical operations to design surgical plans, manufacture navigation templates to guide surgery, and create individualized scaffolds. This technology also made certain progress in bone-tissue engineering.Conclusions:3D printing technology has the characteristics of being fast, accurate and personalized, which promotes the development of personalized and minimally invasive orthopedic surgery. In the future, 3D printing technology can improve surgical outcomes through surgical education, preoperative planning and customized manufacturing (implants, prosthesis and surgical guides) and tissue engineering applications.