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目的了解2009—2012年青岛市学校及托幼机构水痘病例流行病学特征,为完善水痘防控措施提供依据。方法对2009—2012年青岛市学校及托幼机构水痘报告病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009—2011年青岛市共报告学校及托幼机构水痘病例8 977例,年均发病率为140.13/10万,各年度发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=67.41,P<0.01)。发病主要集中在3—6月和11月—次年1月,占全年发病数的79.21%;市区年均发病率(338.96/10万)高于城乡结合部(205.54/10万),农村地区最低(36.24/10万),地区间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6 799.11,P<0.01);5~9岁儿童发病最多,占总发病数的34.80%;托幼儿童和小学生是水痘的高发人群,中学生和大学生水痘发病例数未见上升趋势。结论应重点加强冬春季小学及托幼机构水痘防控工作,实施水痘疫苗2剂次免疫策略,提高疫苗覆盖率,同时做好学校及托幼机构水痘防病知识宣传和监测工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in schools and nurseries in Qingdao from 2009 to 2012 and provide basis for prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of cases of chickenpox reported by schools and nurseries in Qingdao from 2009 to 2012 was conducted. Results A total of 8 977 chickenpox cases were reported from schools and nurseries in Qingdao from 2009 to 2011, with an average annual incidence of 140.13 / 100 000. There was significant difference in annual incidence between the two groups (χ2 = 67.41, P <0.01). The incidence was mainly in March-June and November-January of the following year, accounting for 79.21% of the annual incidence; the average annual incidence of urban area (338.96 / 100000) was higher than that of urban-rural junction (205.54 / 100000) The lowest in rural areas (36.24 / 100000), the difference between regions was statistically significant (χ2 = 6 799.11, P <0.01); 5 to 9 years old children the most incidence, the total incidence of 34.80%; child care and primary school children are The highest incidence of chickenpox, secondary school students and college students, the incidence of chickenpox no upward trend. Conclusion The prevention and control of chickenpox in primary and nursery schools in winter and spring should be strengthened. The vaccination strategy of varicella vaccine should be implemented in two doses to improve the coverage rate of vaccines. At the same time, knowledge of varicella prevention should be disseminated and monitored in schools and nurseries.