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2015/2016厄尔尼诺事件从2014年年底的一个弱暖事件发展而来.到2015年11月,NINO3.4区SST异常达到了3.0℃.利用海表温度、海表风场、长波辐射及次表层海温等数据,本文系统地描述了2015/2016厄尔尼诺事件的演变特征,并与1979年以来历次厄尔尼诺事件进行了比较.2015/2016厄尔尼诺事件一个显著的特征在于有大量的西风爆发事件和下沉开尔文波动发生.在2015年4~11月间,共观测到4次下沉开尔文波动.这些下沉开尔文波动激发并加强了赤道中、东太平洋海表温度的增暖.此外,下沉开尔文波动伴随着的东向海表平流在春、夏季将暖池区暖水东移,而于2015年11月出现的一次上升开尔文波动开启了此次厄尔尼诺事件急速消亡的序幕.2015/2016厄尔尼诺事件的另一个显著特征是NINO4区的海表温度异常创造了历史新高(1.7℃),比1982/1983(1997/1998)厄尔尼诺事件时高出了1℃(0.8℃).尽管NINO3区的海表温度异常与1982/1983和1997/1998厄尔尼诺事件时相当,但NINO1+2的海表温度异常却低了1℃.与此相应的,是对流增强区域向西移动了20个经度,且在南美洲西海岸处的最大D20异常仅仅是1997年和1982年的1/3到1/2.
2015/2016 The El Niño event evolved from a weak warm event at the end of 2014. By November 2015, the SST anomaly in NINO 3.4 had reached 3.0 ° C. The use of sea surface temperature, surface wind, longwave radiation and subsurface SST, etc. This article systematically describes the evolution of the El Niño event of 2015/2016 and compares it with previous El Niño events since 1979. A striking feature of the El Niño event in 2015/15 is the large number of westerly outbreaks and sinks Kelvin fluctuations occurred 4. Four sinking Kelvin waves were observed between April and November 2015. These submerged Kelvin waves triggered and intensified the warming of the sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.In addition, With the advection of the eastward-facing sea surface in the spring and summer moving the warm water in the warm pool area eastwards, a rising Kelvin wave in November 2015 opened the prelude to the rapid demise of the El Nino event.2015 / 2016 El Niño event Another notable feature is that the sea surface temperature anomalies in the NINO4 region have created a record high (1.7 ° C), 1 ° C (0.8 ° C) higher than the El Niño event of 1982/1983 (1997/1998). Although NINO3 The surface temperature anomaly is comparable to the El Niño events of 1982/1983 and 1997/1998, but the sea surface temperature anomaly of NINO1 + 2 is 1 ° C lower, corresponding to the fact that the convection enhancing area has been moved westward by 20 longitudes and at The largest D20 anomaly at the western coast of South America is only 1/3 to 1/2 of 1997 and 1982.