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目的调查广州市海珠区出生缺陷的流行状况、危险因素、畸形分布及缺陷的主要诊断方法,为减少出生缺陷制定预防保健措施提供依据。方法按照广州市的统一监测方案,对2008年统计年度广州市海珠区13家出生缺陷监测医院孕28周至产后7天内分娩的围产儿出生缺陷监测资料进行分析。结果 14076例围产儿出生缺陷发生率为139.95/万(197/14076)。缺陷儿死亡所占比例为22.34%,占围产儿死亡数的38.94%。产妇分娩年龄≥35岁、双胎是围产儿出生缺陷发病的危险因素。男婴和女婴出生缺陷发生率分别是157.10/万和120.6/万,但差异无统计学意义。出生缺陷顺位前5位为:多指/趾、先天性心脏病、内外翻足、总唇腭裂、小耳及外耳其他畸形。缺陷诊断中临床诊断占68.53%、B超诊断占29.95%。结论出生缺陷是导致海珠区围产儿死亡的重要原因。该区出生缺陷诊断仍以临床诊断为主,B超诊断水平有待进一步提高。
Objective To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, deformity distribution and defect diagnosis of birth defects in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City, and to provide basis for the prevention and treatment of birth defects. Methods According to the unified monitoring plan of Guangzhou, the monitoring data of birth defects of perinatal children born in 13 birth defects monitoring hospitals in Guangzhou Zhuhai District during 28 weeks of pregnancy to 7 days after delivery were analyzed in the statistical year 2008. Results The incidence of birth defects in 14076 perinatal infants was 139.95 per thousand (197/14076). Defective children accounted for 22.34% of deaths, accounting for 38.94% of the number of perinatal deaths. Maternal delivery age ≥35 years old, twins are risk factors for the incidence of perinatal birth defects. The incidence of birth defects in boys and girls were 157.10 / million and 120.6 / million respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The top 5 birth defects are: multiple finger / toe, congenital heart disease, internal and external foot, total cleft lip and palate, small ear and other deformities of the outer ear. Clinical diagnosis of defects accounted for 68.53%, B-diagnosis of 29.95%. Conclusion Birth defects are the major causes of perinatal death in Haizhu District. The diagnosis of birth defects in this area is still the main clinical diagnosis, B-diagnostic level to be further improved.