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为了解施氮量与行距互作对小麦群体质量的调控效应,于2013-2014年在中国农业科学院中圃场试验田进行裂区试验,以强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦中麦8号为试验材料,设置三个施氮水平(150、210和270kg·hm-2)和两个行距水平(12和20cm),比较分析了不同施氮量和行距组合下旱茬强、中筋小麦群体茎蘖数、茎蘖成穗率、叶面积指数、干物质积累量及产量差异。结果表明,在行距一定的条件下,适当增加施氮量,济麦20和中麦8号生育后期群体茎蘖数和茎蘖成穗率均显著升高。两个小麦品种各生育时期叶面积指数均不同程度提升。随施氮量的增加,中麦8号干物质积累量显著增加,而济麦20生育后期干物质积累量显著下降。在210kg·hm-2施氮量下,增大行距后,济麦20和中麦8号各主要生育时期群体茎蘖数和叶面积指数均显著升高。在中高氮条件下,济麦20和中麦8号生育后期干物质积累量随行距的增大而增加。综合来看,旱茬条件下济麦20和中麦8号分别在210kg·hm-2施氮量、20cm行距和270kg·hm-2施氮量、20cm行距下能够获得较高的群体质量和产量。
In order to understand the regulatory effect of N application rate and line spacing on the population quality of wheat, a split-plot experiment was conducted in Zhongyuan Field Experimental Farm of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2013-2014. The test was conducted on strong gluten wheat Jimai 20 and medium gluten wheat Zhongmai 8 Three nitrogen fertilization levels (150, 210 and 270 kg · hm-2) and two row spacing levels (12 and 20 cm) were set up to compare the effects of different nitrogen application rates and row spacing combinations on the stalk tillers Number of tillers, Spikelet rate, Leaf area index, Dry matter accumulation and yield differences. The results showed that under the condition of certain row spacing, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased appropriately, and the number of tillering and tillering rate of stems and tillers of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 increased significantly at later growth stage. The leaf area index of two wheat cultivars increased at different growth stages. With the increase of N application rate, the dry matter accumulation of Zhongmai 8 increased significantly, but the dry matter accumulation of Jimai 20 decreased significantly at the later growth stage. Under the nitrogen application rate of 210kg · hm-2, after increasing the row spacing, the tiller number and leaf area index of all the main growth stages of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 increased significantly. Under middle and high nitrogen conditions, the dry matter accumulation of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 in the later growing stage increased with the increase of distance. Taken together, under the conditions of dry stubble, both Jinmai 20 and Zhongmai 8 were able to obtain higher population quality and nitrogen application rates of 210kg · hm-2, 20cm row spacing and 270kg · hm-2 nitrogen application rate, respectively, Yield.