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《对外合作开采海洋(陆上)石油资源条例》自诞生之始就在油气对外合作开采领域铸就了“资源国家所有、国企负责专营”的运作模式。该条例的现有规定存在行政主管部门不明、油企环保义务缺失、法律责任虚化的弊端。在新一轮能源体制改革的背景下,该条例应当从行政垄断的制定者、国企特权的维护者,转变为市场规则的裁判者、公共利益的捍卫者。条例的修改应当明确主管部门的范围及权限,明晰油气国有企业的环保义务和法律责任,使政府规制的公益目标付诸于立法行动与法律施行之中。
The “Regulations for the Exploitation of Offshore (Inland) Petroleum Resources by International Cooperation and Cooperation” have shaped the mode of operation of “all resources owned by the state and exclusively state-owned enterprises” in the field of external cooperation and exploitation of oil and gas since its birth. The existing provisions of the Ordinance exist unclear administrative department, lack of environmental obligations of oil companies, the legal liability of the drawbacks. In the context of a new round of energy system reform, the regulation should change from the makers of administrative monopolies and the defenders of the state-owned enterprises’ privileges to the makers of market rules and the defenders of public interests. The revision of the regulations should clarify the scope and authority of the competent department, clarify the environmental protection obligations and legal responsibilities of oil and gas state-owned enterprises, and put the goal of public regulation of government regulation into legislative action and law enforcement.