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自然主义文学是19世纪下半叶至20世纪初,作为一种对浪漫主义文学的反抗首先在法国兴起的。自然主义一方面排斥浪漫主义的想象、夸张、抒情等主观因素,另一方面轻视现实主义对现实生活的典型概括,而强调追求绝对的客观性,崇尚单纯的描摹自然,着重对现实生活的表面现象作记录式的写照,并企图以自然规律特别是生物学规律来解释人和人类社会。自然主义文学一般可归结出以下基本特征:
Naturalistic literature emerged from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century as the first reaction to romantic literature in France. On the one hand, naturalism rejects subjective factors such as romantic imagination, exaggeration and lyricism; on the other hand, it despises the typical generalization of real life by realism, emphasizing the pursuit of absolute objectivity, advocating simple tracing of nature and focusing on the real life surface Phenomenon as a record portrayal, and attempts to explain the law of nature and especially the laws of biology and human society. Naturalistic literature generally can be summarized in the following basic characteristics: