如何科学地、有效地、合理地利用水资源,如何解决好社会经济系统用水与生态用水之间的矛盾,是当前建设环境节约型社会与环境友好型社会亟待解决的问题。开展河流需水的研究对解决日益严峻的水资源短缺问题具有重要意义。本文从研究背景、生态需水基本理论、生态用水的评价、理论应用前景等方面阐述了河流生态系统的理论与应用。 How to use water resources scientifically, effectively and rationally and how to solve the contradiction between water consumption and ecological water use in the social and economic systems is an urgent problem to be solved in building an environment-friendly and environment-friendly society. Carrying out the study of river water demand is of great significance in solving the increasingly serious water shortage problem. This paper elaborates the theory and application of river ecosystem from the research background, the basic theory of ecological water demand, the evaluation of ecological water use and the prospect of theoretical application.