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青少年期是冒险行为的高发期,长期以来研究者对其发生机制进行了大量研究。该文在简要介绍传统决策模型的基础上主要综述了解释青少年冒险行为发生机制的双加工模型,包含模糊痕迹理论、原型-意愿模型两个认知加工模型和双系统模型、成熟不平衡模型两个神经生物学模型。尽管上述模型在一定程度上解释了青春期冒险行为高发的原因,但是这些双加工模型及其有关研究仍存在诸多问题和不足。如关于决策模式存在相互对立的观点、关于认知能力发展存在分歧、模型的适用范围问题、神经生物模型的弊端、缺乏对真实冒险行为的研究等,未来研究对上述方面应予以关注。
Adolescence is the risk-taking period of high risk, a long time researchers have conducted a lot of research on its mechanism. Based on the brief introduction of traditional decision-making model, this paper mainly summarizes the double processing model to explain the mechanism of adventurous behavior of adolescents, including the fuzzy trace theory, the prototype-willingness model, two cognitive processing models and the dual system model, the mature unbalanced model two Neurobiology model. Although the above models explain to a certain extent the causes of the high adventurous adventures, there are still many problems and deficiencies in these double processing models and their related researches. For example, there are contradictory opinions on decision-making modes, differences on the development of cognitive ability, the scope of application of models, the disadvantages of neurobiology models and the lack of research on real risk-taking behaviors. Future research should pay attention to these aspects.