一、引言在中国经济体制转轨过程中,经济发展显现出两大特征:一是经济总量 GNP 以强劲速度持续增长;二是传统国有企业部门经历了改革初期的短暂“繁荣”之后,呈现出较长时期的结构性萎缩。由于我国经济结构调整存在着一些特有障碍以及调整过程本身固有的时滞,上述二特征又相继表现为当前我国经济发展的两大现实悖论:一是国民经济宏观总体形势相对健康稳定而企业微观经济效益不容乐观;二是在经济快速增长的过程中本应增加就业机会,然而却出现了大量国有企业职工下岗并存在着再就业困难。在资 I. INTRODUCTION During the transition of China’s economic system, economic development showed two major characteristics: First, the economic aggregate GNP continued to grow at a robust rate; second, the traditional state-owned enterprise sector experienced short-term “prosperity” in the early days of reform. Shows a long period of structural atrophy. As there are some unique obstacles in the adjustment of China’s economic structure and the inherent time lag in the adjustment process itself, the above two characteristics are successively manifested as two major paradoxes of China’s current economic development: First, the overall macroeconomic situation of the national economy is relatively healthy and stable, and the company’s microcosmic Economic efficiency is not optimistic; secondly, in the process of rapid economic growth, employment opportunities should have been increased. However, a large number of employees of state-owned enterprises have been laid off and there is difficulty in reemployment. In the capital