[目的]了解上海市民工子弟小学学生的营养状况及膳食结构,为保证该人群的生长发育和开展健康教育提供依据。[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法选取上海市4所民工子弟小学的920名四、五年级学生作为研究对象,年龄9~12岁。调查内容包括一般状况、体格检查和午餐膳食调查(回顾法)。[结果]有效问卷912份,男生占57.6%,女生占42.4%。民工子弟小学学生各年龄和性别组消瘦率均高于11%,能量和营养素摄入量普遍不足。钙、维生素A、维生素B2和锌的摄入量低于标准值60%学生的比例分别为99.6%、99.9%、94.8%和83.8%。79.8%的学生蔬菜平均摄入量和54.3%学生的大豆及豆制品平均摄入量低于标准值的60%。79.1%学生的动物性食品平均摄入量超过了标准值。[结论]上海民工子弟小学学生消瘦发生率较高,午餐膳食结构不合理,能量和主要营养素均存在缺乏,应增加蔬菜和大豆及豆制品的供给,适当减少动物性食品的供给。 [Objective] To understand the nutritional status and dietary structure of elementary school students in migrant workers in Shanghai and provide the basis for their growth and development and health education. [Methods] A total of 920 4th and 5th grade students from 4 migrant children’s primary schools in Shanghai were selected as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling method, and were aged 9-12 years. The survey included general status, physical examination and lunch meal surveys (retrospective). [Results] There were 912 valid questionnaires, accounting for 57.6% of boys and 42.4% of girls. Migrant workers primary school pupils of all ages and gender groups were more than 11% weight loss rate of energy and nutrient intake generally inadequate. The percentage of pupils whose intake of calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and zinc were lower than the standard value of 60% was 99.6%, 99.9%, 94.8% and 83.8% respectively. 79.8% of students average vegetable intake and 54.3% of students The average intake of soy and soybean products is less than 60% of the standard value. 79.1% of the students’ average intake of animal food exceeded the standard value. [Conclusion] The incidence of weight loss in primary school pupils of migrant workers in Shanghai was rather high. The lunch diet structure was irrational. There was a lack of energy and major nutrients. The supply of vegetables, soybeans and soy products should be increased and the supply of animal foods should be reduced appropriately.