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内耗本是物理学上的一个名词,指一个物理系统正常运行时系统内部非输出的能量自然损耗,它是维持该系统的存在和运行所必需的损耗。在社会学中,人们称“窝里斗”现象为内耗,即自家人之间打内战。这种内耗也损耗能量,但不是社会系统运行所必需的。近来,理论界对这种现象进行了多方位的探讨,现综述如下:
Internal friction is a term in physics, which refers to the natural energy loss of non-output energy in the system during the normal operation of a physical system. It is the necessary loss to maintain the existence and operation of the system. In sociology, people call “fighting in the nest” a phenomenon of internal friction, that is, playing civil wars among their own people. This internal loss also consumes energy, but it is not necessary for the functioning of the social system. Recently, theorists have conducted various discussions on this phenomenon and are summarized as follows: