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目的调查研究黑龙江省中俄边境地区蚤的生态学。方法在阔叶林、灌丛、耕地和湿草地生境中采用笼日法捕鼠,收集鼠体外寄生蚤。结果在黑龙江省中俄边境地区3市县捕鼠1 453只,采获鼠体外寄生蚤2 456只,计4科12属21种,其中东宁分布16种,萝北和黑河分布均为15种。优势种群为二齿新蚤(26.6%),栉头细蚤(20.1%)和同源栉眼蚤指名亚种(18.9%)。不同生境、月份和鼠种的主要蚤种类组成有所不同。黑线姬鼠和大林姬鼠体外寄生蚤在4-9月均有活动;这2种鼠体外寄生蚤均在5月下半月和9月上半月出现2次高峰。大仓鼠的染蚤率(73.8%)及指数(5.4只)最高。结论鼠体蚤类的生态研究为黑龙江省中俄边境地区蚤的生态、蚤媒病和防治研究提供了参考依据。
Objective To investigate the ecology of fleas on the Sino-Russian border in Heilongjiang Province. Methods Cages were used to catch rats in the habitats of broad-leaved forest, shrub, arable land and wet grassland. Results A total of 1 453 rats were caught in 3 counties in the border area of China and Russia in Heilongjiang Province. There were 2 456 ectoparasites collected from 21 species of 4 genera and 12 genera, of which 16 were from Dongning and 15 from Luobei and Heihe Species. The predominant populations were Neosprey (26.6%), Cephalopus flea (20.1%) and the homologous grouper named subspecies (18.9%). Different habitats, months and species of the main flea species composition vary. The parasitoid flea of Apodemus agrarius and Apodemus agrarius both had activity in April-September. Both species had two peaks in the second half of May and the first half of September. Large hamster flea infection rate (73.8%) and the index (5.4) the highest. Conclusion The ecological research on the fleas in rats provides a reference for the studies on the ecology, flea disease and control of fleas in the Sino-Russian border areas of Heilongjiang Province.