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律师是一个重要而又充满争议的现代法律职业,律师的社会角色首先是一个道德问题,其次才是法律问题和事实问题。起源于社会心理学的角色理论可以发展为一种角色理论学,这令对于律师社会角色的规范研究成为可能。角色伦理学提供了律师角色的标准概念,包含了党派原则、中立原则和豁免原则。凭借标准概念,律师的执业行为可以免遭所谓“普遍道德”的批评和指责。一旦律师角色的基本概念能够成立,有关律师社会角色的法律问题与事实问题也就迎刃而解:在现代社会,律师的社会角色仍是受前述三原则支撑的“当事人利益的维护者”。
Lawyer is an important and controversial modern legal profession. The lawyer’s social role is firstly a moral one, and the second one is the legal one and the factual one. The theory of the character originated from social psychology can develop into a kind of role theory, which makes it possible to regulate the lawyer’s social role. Role ethics provides a standard notion of a lawyer’s role and embraces the principle of party, neutrality and immunity. By virtue of the standard concept, the practice of lawyers can be protected from so-called “universal morality” criticisms and accusations. Once the basic concept of a lawyer’s role can be established, the legal and factual issues concerning the social role of a lawyer can be easily solved. In modern society, the lawyer’s social role is still “the defender of the interests of the parties” supported by the aforementioned three principles.