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在海湾战争中,美国与驻沙特多国部队各指挥部之间的全部通讯都是通过卫星进行的,并第一次在实战中将GPS接收机用作导航。由多个卫星(通常为18颗组合),在大约20 200km高空,即12小时轨道周期内连续发射密码信号。这些信号包括识别码、位置信息和时间信息。将卫星发射信号的时间与到达地面的精确时间进行比较,并将两者之间的时间差乘以光速,装备有先进GPS接收机的用户即可确定与卫星之间的距离,然后参照卫星所在位置的密码就得到卫星与本机所在具体位置。作为C~3I系统组成部分的GPS具有两种导航用途:标准定位服务(SPS)和精确定位服务(PPS)。前者为粗/捕获(C/A)码,定位精确度为100m,主要用于民用;后者为精密
During the Gulf War, all communications between the United States and the headquarters of the multinational force in Saudi Arabia were conducted via satellite, and for the first time GPS receivers were used for navigation in actual combat. By a number of satellites (usually 18 combinations), the password signal is continuously transmitted over an altitude of about 20 200 km, or 12-hour orbit period. These signals include identification code, location information and time information. Compare the time that a satellite transmits a signal with the exact time it arrives on the ground and multiply the time difference between them by the speed of light and the user equipped with an advanced GPS receiver can determine the distance to the satellite and then refer to the satellite’s location The password to get the specific location of the satellite and the machine. GPS, which is part of the C ~ 3I system, has two navigation uses: Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and Precise Positioning Service (PPS). The former is coarse / capture (C / A) code, positioning accuracy of 100m, mainly for civilian use; the latter for precision