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在17865名橡胶工人中进行了肿瘤死亡回顾性队列研究,观察期为1967年1月1日至1988年12月31日,以我国1988年41个城市的死亡资料为参照。队列成员分归8类27个工种。结果是(1)男女恶性肿瘤均居死因首位;(2)消化系统癌较突出,特别是胃癌在5个工种类SMR均显著超高,肝癌与食管癌在少数工种显著超高;(3)呼吸系统癌中男女吸烟者肺癌明显超出,吸烟与职业两因素呈相加作用,鼻咽癌在男女个别工种吸烟者超高;(4)膀胱癌超高仅见于硫化工吸烟者;(5)成型工白血病超高;(6)胃癌及肝癌主要在专业工作初始年龄小于20岁或30岁人群中超高;(7)炼胶、硫化、配料及非轮胎混合是问题较多的工种。 本文详细讨论了职业癌调查中工种划分及队列成员工种归属的方法及原则,并提出了独到见解。
A retrospective cohort study of cancer deaths was conducted among 17,865 rubber workers. The observation period was from January 1, 1967 to December 31, 1988, and was based on the death data of 41 cities in China in 1988. The queue members were divided into 8 categories of 27 types of work. The results were (1) the leading cause of death among male and female malignancies; (2) the digestive system cancer was more prominent, especially in the 5 SMRs of gastric cancer, and the liver cancer and esophageal cancer were significantly higher in a few types of work; (3) In lung cancer, the lung cancer of male and female smokers was significantly higher than that of smoking, and smoking and occupational factors were additive. Nasopharyngeal cancer was found to be extremely high among male and female smokers; (4) The bladder cancer was only found in vulcanizer smokers; (5) (1) Gastric cancer and liver cancer are mainly high in people with professional working age less than 20 or 30 years old; (7) Mixing, vulcanization, blending, and non-tire mixing are more problematic types of work. This paper discusses in detail the methods and principles for the classification of work types and the attribution of employees into the queue for occupational cancer surveys, and presents unique insights.