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脑血管病已成为世界范围内的第二位死亡原因,全世界每年约有510万人死于中风,每年每10万人群中有200人发生首次中风。在慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者中,脑血管病的患病率及相关的病死率均远远高于普通人群。日本慢性透析患者中脑血管事件相关的病死率为12.7%,在美国为4.8%。Kawamura等对1064例维持性血液透析的患者进行回顾性分析发现,脑血管事件的发生率为9.2%,脑血管病导致的病死率为19.2%。Lloveras等的研究结果显示,肾移植术后10年内中风的患病率是7.97%。由于其患病率及病死率高,现有治疗方法的安全性有效性还不确定,且治疗经费大,因此CKD患者脑血管病的预防重于治疗。
Cerebrovascular disease has become the second leading cause of death in the world. About 5.1 million people die from stroke worldwide each year, and the first stroke occurs in 200 of every 100,000 people each year. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the prevalence of cerebrovascular disease and related mortality are much higher than the general population. Cardiovascular events are associated with a 12.7% mortality rate in Japanese chronic dialysis patients and 4.8% in the United States. Kawamura et al. A retrospective analysis of 1,064 patients with maintenance hemodialysis found that the incidence of cerebrovascular events was 9.2% and that of cerebrovascular disease was 19.2%. The study by Lloveras et al. Showed that the prevalence of stroke within 10 years after renal transplantation was 7.97%. Because of its high morbidity and mortality, the safety and efficacy of existing treatments are uncertain and the treatment is costly. Therefore, prevention of cerebrovascular disease in CKD patients is more important than treatment.