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球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus,Bs)是一种在自然界中广泛分布、形成亚末端膨大孢子囊和球形芽孢的好气芽孢杆菌。Bs在生长发育过程中能产生对不同蚊幼虫具有特异性毒杀作用的二元毒素、Mtx毒素和Cry48Aa/Cry49A毒素,广泛应用于病媒蚊虫的生物控制中,被认为是一种对人、畜、禽、水生生物无毒,不污染环境的生物杀蚊幼制剂。目前,包括中国在内的多个国家已经开发出商业化Bs杀蚊制剂,并在全世界范围内广泛应用于病媒蚊虫的控制,取得了良好效果。但实验室以及野外实验表明,蚊虫在长期高选择压力下能对二元毒素产生抗性,蚊虫对Bs产生的抗性影响了其作为生物杀蚊幼制剂在蚊虫综合防治中的持效应用。现就Bs的杀蚊机制、杀蚊制剂的开发和应用、蚊虫抗性及其治理等方面加以介绍。
Bacillus sphaericus (Bacillus sphaericus, Bs) is a widely distributed in nature, the formation of sub-dilated sporocysts and spheroids Bacillus aeruginosa. Bs can produce binary toxins, Mtx toxins and Cry48Aa / Cry49A toxins that are specific to different mosquito larvae during growth and development and are widely used in the biological control of vector-borne mosquitoes. , Birds, aquatic organisms non-toxic, non-polluting biological mosquito killing agents. At present, a number of countries including China have developed commercially-produced Bs mosquito-killing agents and are widely used in the control of vector-borne mosquitoes around the world and have achieved good results. However, laboratory and field experiments show that mosquitoes are resistant to binary toxins under long-term high selective pressure. The resistance of mosquitoes to Bs has an effect on their effectiveness as a mosquito control agent in biological mosquito control. The anti-mosquito mechanism of Bs now, the development and application of mosquito agents, mosquito resistance and its management and so on to be introduced.