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目的探讨神经特异性烯醇酶(NSE)、嗅细胞标记蛋白(OMP)及细胞凋亡在不同胎龄大鼠嗅黏膜中的表达。方法免疫组化方法检测NSE及OMP在不同孕期大鼠嗅上皮中的表达及其规律。TUNEL方法检测不同孕期大鼠嗅上皮中凋亡细胞并计算细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果 E13d鼻腔黏膜中即有NSE阳性表达,细胞数量多。E13d嗅上皮中未见OMP阳性表达细胞。在E14d,嗅上皮中出现嗅OMP阳性细胞,数量少,随胎龄增加阳性细胞数量增多,至17d达高峰并逐渐趋于稳定。E13~E15d细胞凋亡数量较稳定,至E16d凋亡细胞数量明显增加,达到高峰,E18~E21d凋亡细胞数量逐渐减少渐趋于稳定。E16dAI与其他d数差异有统计学意义。结论 E14d嗅黏膜中已有发育成熟的嗅细胞,数量少,胚胎发育后期大鼠嗅化学感受器发育已趋于成熟。在嗅上皮发育过程中存在细胞凋亡,E16d嗅细胞凋亡出现一高峰,细胞凋亡在嗅觉发育过程中起重要作用。
Objective To investigate the expression of neuroendocrine enolase (NSE), olfactory cell marker protein (OMP) and apoptosis in the olfactory mucosa of different gestational age rats. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression and regularity of NSE and OMP in the olfactory epithelium of rats during different gestations. TUNEL method was used to detect apoptotic cells in the olfactory epithelium of different pregnant rats and calculate the apoptosis index (AI). Results E13d nasal mucosa that NSE positive expression, the number of cells. No positive OMP positive cells were found in E13d olfactory epithelium. At E14d, olfactory-positive OMP-positive cells appeared in the olfactory epithelium with a small number. The number of positive cells increased with the increase of gestational age and reached the peak at 17d and gradually stabilized. The number of apoptotic cells in E13-E15d was stable, and the number of apoptotic cells increased significantly at E16d. The number of apoptotic cells in E18-E21d gradually decreased and reached a stable level. E16dAI and other d number difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Olfactory mucosa of E14d has mature olfactory cells in a small number, and the development of olfactory chemoreceptors of embryo in late embryo has matured. There is apoptosis in the development of olfactory epithelium, and there is a peak in apoptosis of olfactory epithelium on E16 day. Apoptosis plays an important role in olfactory development.