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公元304至439年的一百余年中,中国北方先后出现了19个割据政权,其中15个是少数民族建立的。少数民族登上历史舞台唱主角,不是偶然的,是由多种因素决定的。本文对此略加阐述。 一、涌现了一批优秀的领导者 西晋末年,主持中央政权的汉族统治者腐败无能,骄奢淫逸,内争不已。而一些少数民族领袖,一方面保留了游牧民族善于骑射、武勇刚猛的特色,一方面学习了汉族先进的文化。刘渊幼年好学,师事上党崔游,读遍史书,尝与人说:“吾每观书传,常鄙随陆无武,绛灌无文。”于是他“遂学武事,妙绝于众,猿臂善射,膂力过人”。汉国著名大臣陈元达评刘渊:
In the one hundred years from 304 to 439 AD, there were 19 separatist regimes in northern China, 15 of which were established by ethnic minorities. It is not accidental that minorities should play the leading role in the historical stage. They are determined by many factors. This article elaborates on this. First, there emerged a number of outstanding leaders In the last years of Western Jin Dynasty, the Han nationality rulers who preside over the Central Government were vilely corrupt and arrogant. Some ethnic leaders, on the other hand, have preserved the characteristics of the nomadic herdsmen who are good at riding and shooting and taking courageous and arduous strikes. On the one hand, they have studied the advanced culture of the Han people. Liu Yuan childhood studious, instructor Shangdang Cui You, reading history books, taste and people say: “I each book view, often despised with Lu Wuwu, Jiang irrigation no text.” So he “then learn martial arts, , Ape arm shot, force extraordinary. ” Famous Chinese Minister Chen Yuanda Liu Yuan review: