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目的探讨二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)对皮革制造业工人的健康影响。方法按国标要求对某市27家皮革制造生产企业进行DMF检测,对职工进行职业健康体检,对结果进行分析。结果 254个点监测结果超限97个,超限率38.2%;超限点多在涂台、配料和三版岗位(高暴露,超限率52.5%)。高暴露组职工肝功能异常和肝肿大率最高(21.8%,17.2%),且有随暴露浓度增加而升高的趋势;随者接触工龄的增加,肝、脾肿大检出率随之升高(工龄≥3年,肝肿大19.0%,脾肿大3.7%)。结论 DMF对皮革制造业工人的健康影响随接触浓度和时间的增加而增大。企业应加强对相关岗位的危害控制,加强职业卫生监管,保护劳动者健康。
Objective To investigate the effects of dimethylformamide (DMF) on the health of leather manufacturing workers. Methods According to the requirements of the national standard, 27 leather manufacturing enterprises in a city were tested for DMF, and occupational health examinations were conducted on the workers. The results were analyzed. Results The monitoring results of 254 spots exceeded the limit of 97 and the overrun rate was 38.2%. Most of the overlimiting points were on the coating station, the ingredients and the third edition post (high exposure, overrun rate of 52.5%). High exposure group of workers with abnormal liver function and hepatic enlargement rate (21.8%, 17.2%), and with the exposure concentration increased and the trend of increase; with the increase of working age, liver and spleen enlargement detection rate (Length of service ≥ 3 years, hepatomegaly 19.0%, splenomegaly 3.7%). Conclusion The health effects of DMF on leather manufacturing workers increased with increasing exposure time and concentration. Enterprises should strengthen the hazard control of relevant positions, strengthen occupational health supervision and protection of workers’ health.