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根据原子的电子构造,我们知道原子外层电子并不完全是满足於8个,有些原子外层有7个,如Cl,Br,I等,有些原子外层仅有一个,如H,当原子结合成分子时,各元素的原子有争取获得惰性气体(外层满足8个电子)的稳定电子层的倾向。这就是两个原子组合而成分子的原因,例如:氯气的分子是Cl_2,它的结构是: 又如:氢的分子是H_2,氢原子用H.代表,它的结构是:
According to the electronic structure of atoms, we know that atomic outer electrons are not completely satisfied with 8, and some have 7 outer layers, such as Cl, Br, and I. Some atoms have only one outer layer, such as H, when the atom When elements are bonded, the atoms of each element have a tendency to obtain a stable electron layer with an inert gas (outer layer meets eight electrons). This is the reason why two atoms are combined to form a molecule. For example: The molecule of chlorine is Cl 2 , and its structure is: Another example: the molecule of hydrogen is H 2 and the hydrogen atom is represented by H. Its structure is: