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晚清武汉曾经是与上海实力相当的工商业重镇,钢铁与军事工业堪称国内翘楚。进入民国后,武汉工业尽管在全国的位次略微后移,但总体趋势是在晚清开创的基础上继续发展,是中国为数不多的重要工业基地之一。1937年7月日本发动全面侵华战争,中国工业被迫向抗战大后方搬迁,武汉工厂作为内迁的重点,与先期内迁的江浙工厂一道,共同演绎了中国抗战进程中的悲壮一幕。武汉工厂内迁不仅避免了武汉工业被日军利用的严重后果,有效保存了中国工业实力,而且促进了抗战大后方工业与当地经济的发展,为争取抗战胜利作出了杰出贡献。但从另一方面讲,武汉的工厂大搬家以及长达7年的沦陷,中断了武汉经济的正常发展进程,给武汉工业造成了深痛巨创,到新中国成立时,武汉工业仍未能恢复到抗战前水平。
Late Qing Dynasty Wuhan was once a considerable industrial and commercial center with Shanghai strength, and the steel and military industries were the domestic leaders. After entering the Republic of China, although the Wuhan industry posteriorly moved slightly in the country, the overall trend continued to develop on the basis of the foundation of the late Qing Dynasty. It is one of the few important industrial bases in China. In July 1937 Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China. As a result, the Chinese industry was forced to relocate to the rear of the war of resistance. The Wuhan factory, as the focus of its inland migration, together with the Jiangsu-Zhejiang factories that were initially relocated, jointly performed the tragic scene in the process of China’s war of resistance. The relocation of factories in Wuhan not only avoided the serious consequences of the use of Wuhan by Japanese troops, effectively preserved the industrial strength of China, but also promoted the development of the rear industry and the local economy and made outstanding contributions to winning the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan. However, on the other hand, the large-scale relocation of factories in Wuhan and the fall of seven years have interrupted the normal economic development in Wuhan and caused profound pains for Wuhan Industrial. When the founding of New China, Wuhan Industrial failed to Recover to pre-war level.