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本文在实地调研基础上,依据森的可行能力理论的基本框架,从住房、就业与收入、人际关系与社会交往、民族文化变迁、社会保障、转换性因素六个方面进行数据统计,对搬迁前后牧区生态移民的福利变化情况进行分析评价。分析结果显示:良好的就业能力与就业前景、和谐的社区关系、充分的宗教信仰空间、更多的子女教育机会等因素是移民福利水平提升的多重保证。因此,单纯的移民补贴和就业培训政策在实践中的应用效果有限,多种政策工具并行才能保证移民不仅“搬得出”而且能“稳得住”。
Based on the field survey and the basic framework of Sensible Ability Theory, this paper analyzes the data from six aspects: housing, employment and income, interpersonal and social interaction, national cultural change, social security and conversion factors. The welfare changes of the ecological immigrants in pastoral areas were analyzed and evaluated. The results of the analysis show that multiple factors such as good employability and employment prospects, harmonious community relations, adequate religious belief space and more opportunities for children’s education are multiple guarantees for the improvement of the welfare of immigrants. Therefore, the application of simple immigrant subsidies and employment training policies in practice has a limited effect. In parallel, various policy instruments can ensure that immigrants not only “move out” but also “survive”.