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亨利·詹姆斯是美国文学现实主义的代表人物。他的一生都在强调文学应该反映现实。然而,詹姆斯的现实有别于物质主义的现实,也超越了清教主义的道德意识。他反对小说对现实进行刻板的模仿,以及生硬的道德说教。他的“智慧的现实主义”主张现实与想象相结合去反映深刻的人性。他最重要的文学批评论文《论小说的艺术》力主小说的创作和评论都应打破物质主义的现实和教条的约束,而去贴近文学和生活的本质和自然规律。
Henry James is the representative of American literary realism. His entire life emphasizes that literature should reflect reality. However, James’s reality is different from the materialistic reality and beyond Puritanism’s moral consciousness. He objected to the novel’s rigid imitation of the reality and the rigid moral preaching. His “wisdom of realism” advocates the combination of reality and imagination to reflect profound human nature. His most important literary criticism thesis, “On the Art of Fiction,” tries his best to break the constraints of materialism and doctrine but concentrate on the nature and laws of literature and life.