炼油行业根据原油的一般性质,把原油大致分为优质、中质和劣质三大类。劣质原油除了(°)API值小、硫含量大、总酸值高外,还呈现如下特点:常压拔出率低,常压重油产率(或减压渣油产率)高,黏度大,且杂质含量高,主要表现为硫含量、重金属(Ni+V)含量高,残炭值高。以加工能力为20Mt/a Merey-16原油的燃料型炼油厂为例,阐明优化加工劣质原油前期设计的全过程,即在建立LP模型基础上,利用相关软件对全厂总加工流程进行优化。因为原油性质太差,需要在其公用工程、特别是公用工程岛的优化-评价后,才能得出最终结果。当利用石油焦作为IGCC原料时,只有选用热回收方案,才能实现余热回收量、超高压水蒸气产量、酸性气回收量最大化,从而实现水蒸气能量的全过程、逐级优化利用;实现硫磺、CO2高回收率;在保障本装置低碳化的同时,使全炼油厂最大限度地节能减排。 The refining industry based on the general nature of crude oil, crude oil can be divided into three categories of high quality, quality and poor quality. In addition to poor (°) API value of small, high sulfur content, high total acid value, but also showed the following characteristics: low pressure extraction rate, atmospheric pressure heavy oil yield (or vacuum residue yield), viscosity , And high content of impurities, mainly as sulfur content, heavy metal (Ni + V) content is high, the carbon residue value is high. Taking the fuel refinery with processing capacity of 20Mt / a Merey-16 crude oil as an example, the whole process of optimizing pre-design of inferior crude oil is illustrated. On the basis of establishing LP model, relevant software is used to optimize the overall processing flow of the whole plant. Because of the poor nature of crude oil, the final result needs to be arrived at after the optimization of its public works, especially on the island of public utilities, is evaluated. When petroleum coke is used as IGCC raw material, only the heat recovery scheme can be selected to achieve the recovery of residual heat, the production of extra-high-pressure steam and the recovery of acid gas, so as to realize the whole process of steam energy and optimize the utilization step by step. , CO2 recovery rate; in ensuring low carbonation of the device at the same time, so that the whole refinery to maximize energy conservation.