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以中国31个省市自治区为研究单元,以R&D强度为测度指标,采用传统统计分析方法,结合马尔可夫链和ESDA,分析了2001~2011年中国R&D投入的区域差异及时空格局演变。结果表明:中国省域R&D投入的绝对差距在扩大而相对差距在缩小,空间相关性逐渐增强,存在明显的“俱乐部趋同”现象。东西部之间R&D投入的空间差异有所扩大并呈两极分化的态势,投入重心正在向东南部偏移。R&D投入增长也具有明显的空间集聚特征,并形成了以长三角和鲁皖赣为核心向中西部地区梯度推进的圈层结构。增长热点区由分散格局转为集中连片格局,增长冷点区在大幅减少,全部集中在西部地区。R&D投入时空差异的形成受经济发展水平、政府科技投入力度、产业结构的变化和人力资本积累等多个因素的影响。
Taking 31 provinces in China as research units and R & D intensity as measure index, the paper uses traditional statistical analysis methods, combined with Markov chain and ESDA, to analyze the regional differences and the spatial and temporal evolution of R & D investment in China from 2001 to 2011. The results show that the absolute difference of R & D investment in China’s provincial regions is expanding while the relative gap is narrowing, and the spatial correlation is gradually increasing. There is a clear phenomenon of “club convergence”. The space difference between R & D inputs between east and west has been widened and polarized. The focus of investment is shifting to the southeast. R & D investment growth also has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and formed the Yangtze River Delta and Shandong, Anhui and Jiangxi as the core gradient to the central and western regions of the circle structure. The hot area of growth turned from a scattered pattern to a concentrated pattern of contiguous areas. The number of cold-growing areas dropped significantly, all concentrated in the western region. The formation of R & D investment in time and space is affected by many factors, such as the level of economic development, government investment in science and technology, changes in industrial structure and human capital accumulation.