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一、生平介绍约翰·亨利赫·裴斯塔洛齐(1746-1827)是瑞士著名的民主主义教育实践家和教育理论家。1746年,裴斯塔洛齐出生于苏黎世的一位外科医生家庭,5岁丧父,受到慈母和善良女仆的爱抚与教育,培养了他善良的性格。1762年,卢梭的名著《社会契约论》和《爱弥儿》相继问世,裴斯塔洛齐读后深受感动。在卢梭强烈的民主主义思想影响下,他弃习神学,改学法律,以保护人民的权利为己任。1765年,裴斯塔洛齐因撰文批判政府而被短期监禁,获释后,他尽毁文稿,弃学法律,致力于农业改革活动。
I. Introduction to Life John Henrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827) is a famous Swiss democratic education practitioner and educational theorist. In 1746, Pestalozzi was born in Zurich, a surgeon family, died at the age of five, caress and education by kindness and good maid, cultivate his good character. In 1762, Rousseau’s famous book “Social Contract Theory” and “Emile” come out one after another, Pestaluzi moved deeply. Influenced by Rousseau’s strong democratic ideas, he abandoned his theology and changed his law to protect the rights of the people. In 1765, Pestalocci was short-term jailed for his autobiographical criticism of the government. After being released, he tried his best to finish the manuscript and abandoned the law, devoting himself to agricultural reform.