地下洞室是在岩体中挖掘而成的地下结构物,完全由岩体特性所控制。岩体特性不只受到工程地质和水文地质以及各种力学参数的支配,而且开挖前既不能完全了解,又可能在短距离内发生很大变化。所以,地下洞室比之地面工程要复杂得多。那么地下工程又怎能日益发展起来呢?有些部门,如矿产,不得不通过地下洞室进行开采,加国防,修筑地下洞室是为了隐蔽;而另一些部门,如交通、铁路和水电,除特殊情况外,建造地下洞室主要是经济上的考虑。因为,利用天然岩石作为洞室结构可节省大量建筑材料,降低工程造价。此外,地下工程潜力较大,安全感强。当然,如果设计出现失误,不但造成经济上的损失,施工安全也难以保障。因此,地下洞室的建造必须体现经济性和安全性。根据国内外的实践经验,岩质洞室的设计应重视以下几个环节:充分掌握地质资料;正确估计围岩状况;合理确定定护类型;正确选择施工方法;加强监测完善设计;以及严格遵循设计程序。兹分述如下。 Underground caverns are underground structures excavated in rock mass and are completely controlled by the characteristics of the rock mass. The characteristics of rock mass are not only dominated by engineering geology and hydrogeology and various mechanical parameters, but also can not be fully understood before excavation, and may change greatly within a short distance. Therefore, underground caverns are much more complicated than ground works. How can underground engineering be developed day by day? Some departments, such as mineral resources, have to mine through underground caverns, add national defense and build underground caverns for concealment; while others, such as transportation, railways and hydropower, In exceptional circumstances, the construction of underground caverns is primarily an economic consideration. Because, the use of natural rock as a cavern structure can save a lot of building materials, reduce project cost. In addition, underground engineering has great potential and strong sense of security. Of course, if the design mistakes, not only cause economic losses, construction safety is difficult to protect. Therefore, the construction of underground caverns must reflect the economy and safety. According to the practical experience both at home and abroad, the design of rock caverns should pay attention to the following aspects: fully grasp the geological data; correctly estimate the surrounding rock status; reasonably determine the type of fixed protection; choose the construction method correctly; strengthen the monitoring and perfect design; Design the program. It is divided as follows.