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语言是人类最重要的交际工具,是一种表达概念的符号系统,它体现了符号、能指、所指之间的统一关系。人类实际上是生活在一个符号世界里。对符号的运用规则,索绪尔在《语言学教程》一书中作了很好的说明:“能指对它所表示的观念来说,看来是自由选择的,相反,对使用它的语言社会来说,却不是自由的,而是强制的。”这就是说,当能指与所指的关系在社会生活中一旦确定下来,就象法律一样,全社会的人都应该遵守,不得任意改变,否则,就会导致交际的失败。美国的R·特里尔在他所著的《毛泽东传》中,读了一个十分有趣的故事。在上海,有数不清的街道会议。在一次街道会议上,一位文盲老太太发表自己对新宪法草案的看法。在上海方言里,“宪法”
Language is the most important communication tool of mankind. It is a symbolic system of expressing concepts. It embodies the unity of symbols, signifiers and references. Man actually lives in a symbolic world. Saussure made a very good account of the rules of the use of symbols in the Book of Linguistics: “The signifier, to the ideas it expresses, appears to be freely chosen; on the contrary, to the use of it Language society, it is not free, but mandatory. ”That is to say, when the signifier and the signified relationship is determined once in the social life, just like the law, people in the whole society should abide by it and may not Any change, otherwise, it will lead to the failure of communication. R Trier of the United States has read a very interesting story in his book The Biography of Mao. There are countless street meetings in Shanghai. At a street meeting, an illiterate lady made her own statement of the new draft constitution. In Shanghai dialect, the “Constitution”