目的探讨海上长远航作业人员口腔颊黏膜共生菌的变化以及与宿主健康的相关性。方法采集海上远航作业人员作业前后口腔颊黏膜微生物样本,提取基因组DNA后扩增16S rRNA基因片段,并应用Sanger测序方法检测微生物种类。结果随机选取474个克隆测序,共鉴定到62种细菌,84.60%为硬壁菌门,65.19%为链球菌属,其中缓症链球菌、口腔链球菌含量最高。比较长远航前后期细菌,得到19种长远航前后共有菌、10种长远航前特有菌与33种长远航后特有菌。长远航后口腔颊黏膜出现肺炎链球菌和具核梭杆菌等致病菌和条件致病菌,优势菌链球菌属中口腔链球菌的比例下降,缓症链球菌的比例升高。结论海上远航特殊环境下作业人员口腔颊黏膜共生菌群改变,可能与宿主口腔及全身性疾病相关。 Objective To investigate the changes of oral buccal mucosal symbionts and their relationship with host health in long-haul crew at sea. Methods Samples of buccal mucosa of buccal mucosa before and after operation were collected by sea voyage crew. The 16S rRNA gene fragment was amplified after genomic DNA extraction and the species of microorganism was detected by Sanger sequencing. Results A total of 474 clones were sequenced. Sixty-two bacteria were identified, of which, 84.60% were of Fusarium and 65.19% of them were Streptococcus, of which Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis were the highest. Compared with long-term and long-term bacteria before and after long-term voyage, 19 long-voyage shared bacteria, 10 long-term pre-flight endemic bacteria and 33 long-term endemic bacteria were obtained. Long-term vocal buccal mucosa after the occurrence of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Fusobacterium nucleatum and other pathogenic bacteria and conditions, the dominant Streptococcus Oral Streptococcus ratio decreased, the proportion of Streptococcus mutans increased. Conclusion The change of buccal mucosa flora of buccal mucosa may be related to the oral and systemic diseases of the host.